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Food research scientists from the Department of Food Science and Technology at Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST) have identified a banned harmful substance in certain tomato pastes sold in Ghanaian markets.
The substance, Erythrosine, also known as Red Dye No. 3, is a food colorant commonly used in toffees, candies, and beverages. It may appear on product labels as “Number 3.” However, its use in tomato paste production is strictly prohibited by the Ghana Food and Drugs Authority (FDA) due to its potential health risks.
Additionally, starch is not permitted in tomato paste formulations in Ghana. Despite this, a recent study conducted by KNUST food scientists found traces of both erythrosine and starch in some tomato paste brands sold in the country.
Concerns Over Tomato Paste Safety
Tomato concentrate, categorized as either tomato paste or tomato mix, has become a staple in Ghanaian households, fast food outlets, and restaurants. It serves as a convenient and affordable alternative to fresh tomatoes, especially when they are out of season.
However, concerns regarding the safety and quality of tomato paste on the Ghanaian market have been raised over the years. The study, conducted in Kumasi and Accra, aimed to evaluate the quality of tomato concentrates available for consumers.
Findings of the Study
The research involved testing eight different tomato paste brands that met standard labeling requirements. The samples examined were found to have colors ranging from red to dark red, a paste-like consistency, and the distinct taste of tomato concentrate, meeting standard physical quality requirements.
According to production standards, tomato paste should contain at least 24% natural tomato content. However, some of the brands tested had a lower percentage than the required standard.
Alarmingly, erythrosine was detected in two of the sampled brands, even though it was not listed on the labels. Additionally, starch content in the samples ranged from 1g/100g to 24g/100g, indicating that some brands had non-compliant formulations.
Global Ban and Health Concerns
In January, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (USFDA) completely banned erythrosine in food products due to its health risks. Manufacturers have been given two years to eliminate its use and remove any existing products containing the dye from the market.
Call for Stronger Regulations
The research was led by Dr. Abena Boakye of the Department of Food Science and Technology at KNUST. She emphasized the need for the Ghana FDA to extend its regulatory focus beyond tomato paste to other food products containing erythrosine, such as candies, confectioneries, and beverages.
“The findings should fuel further research and inform policymakers on the necessary steps to ensure the safety of food products available to consumers,” Dr. Boakye stated.
The researchers also recommended that their findings be used to guide stakeholders in ensuring the availability of safe tomato concentrates and other food products for Ghanaian consumers.
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